Not necessary to find and select a strobe mode. All that's necessary is to sweep the focussed beam across the eyes. Even a "startle effect" would be significant, and possibly sufficient.
ISTR being taught in school physics lessons that sparks were ~10kV/cm. Can't find that in my copy of Nelkon's textbook.
Useful household item, offensive weapon, or both?
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Re: Useful household item, offensive weapon, or both?
I'm sure I read that in "Introduction To Atomic Physics" : S. Tolansky.
Probably a good enough rule of thumb. It must depend on all sorts of things such as humdity, atmospheric pressure, the shape of the electrodes etc.